Parmenides i Gorgiasz w nowym odczytaniu
Abstract
Dariusz Piętka
Parmenides and Gorgias in New Interpretation
Abstract
The paper is an attempt at presenting in contemporary reconstruction of Seweryn Blandzi the antithesis of notions of Parmenides’ absolute being and not being in Gorgias’ philosophy. The aim of the article is showing the influence of the concept of not-being in the Blandzi’s reconstruction to issue the false and the difference in Plato’s philosophy.
Subject of the first part of paper is notion of being and function of the verb “be” in early Greek philosophy. For the Parmenides the word “being” (to eon) meant the same as “truth”. This word is name of Truth as transcendent nature in general. According to Blandzi, appropriate decoding of the poem should take into account the non- existential understanding of the verb to be (einai). Fundamental function word’s estin is the veridical function. “Is” have not existential meaning in early Greek philosophy. Blandzi says that the “is” means “is true” in the most controversial problem in Parmenides’ poem in fragment B 2. 3. Word estin denote the truth, and truth is being (to eon). Each of the predicates used to determine of Truth has absolute (unaccidental) character and timeless nature.
In the second part of this paper I present Blandzi’s reconstruction Gorgias’ treatise On Not Being or on Nature. Blandzi indicates that the original thesis ouden estin rendered as nothing exist is a result of his predicative treatment of the word “is” as absolute existential predicate, which when negated leads to a complete negation of the existence of all reality. In fact, Gorgias did not say theory of absolute non-being, but non-being of nature in Parmenides’ meaning. In Blandzi opinion “non-beingness” of nature is non-substantiality of thing (pragmata) in general. According to him, treatise On Not Being or on Nature was a polemical text, and it questioned only immutability of things. Gorgias questioned the belief in the existence of constant nature and essences, but not things, which no more are than are not.
The third part of paper concerns the influence Gorgias’ notion of non-being on Plato’s epistemological theory of false. Plato’s problems with the false in his dialogue Sophist were result of understanding of non-being as the absolute negation of being. The problem is that the false statement says something but it does not denote anyone. Plato saw, however, that by accepting the relative being, that is difference, false statements says something and denote something but no what statement says. Adaptation Gorgias’ theory of non-being by Plato is the beginning of the classical notion of truth in epistemology.
Keywords: Parmenides, Gorgias, Plato, being, non-beingness, truth, false, Seweryn Blandzi.
Parmenides and Gorgias in New Interpretation
Abstract
The paper is an attempt at presenting in contemporary reconstruction of Seweryn Blandzi the antithesis of notions of Parmenides’ absolute being and not being in Gorgias’ philosophy. The aim of the article is showing the influence of the concept of not-being in the Blandzi’s reconstruction to issue the false and the difference in Plato’s philosophy.
Subject of the first part of paper is notion of being and function of the verb “be” in early Greek philosophy. For the Parmenides the word “being” (to eon) meant the same as “truth”. This word is name of Truth as transcendent nature in general. According to Blandzi, appropriate decoding of the poem should take into account the non- existential understanding of the verb to be (einai). Fundamental function word’s estin is the veridical function. “Is” have not existential meaning in early Greek philosophy. Blandzi says that the “is” means “is true” in the most controversial problem in Parmenides’ poem in fragment B 2. 3. Word estin denote the truth, and truth is being (to eon). Each of the predicates used to determine of Truth has absolute (unaccidental) character and timeless nature.
In the second part of this paper I present Blandzi’s reconstruction Gorgias’ treatise On Not Being or on Nature. Blandzi indicates that the original thesis ouden estin rendered as nothing exist is a result of his predicative treatment of the word “is” as absolute existential predicate, which when negated leads to a complete negation of the existence of all reality. In fact, Gorgias did not say theory of absolute non-being, but non-being of nature in Parmenides’ meaning. In Blandzi opinion “non-beingness” of nature is non-substantiality of thing (pragmata) in general. According to him, treatise On Not Being or on Nature was a polemical text, and it questioned only immutability of things. Gorgias questioned the belief in the existence of constant nature and essences, but not things, which no more are than are not.
The third part of paper concerns the influence Gorgias’ notion of non-being on Plato’s epistemological theory of false. Plato’s problems with the false in his dialogue Sophist were result of understanding of non-being as the absolute negation of being. The problem is that the false statement says something but it does not denote anyone. Plato saw, however, that by accepting the relative being, that is difference, false statements says something and denote something but no what statement says. Adaptation Gorgias’ theory of non-being by Plato is the beginning of the classical notion of truth in epistemology.
Keywords: Parmenides, Gorgias, Plato, being, non-beingness, truth, false, Seweryn Blandzi.
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